Vowels
ಸ್ವರಗಳು 13 lettersಅa"u" in cut
ಆā"a" in father
ಇi"i" in sit
ಈī"ee" in feet
ಉu"u" in put
ಊū"oo" in food
ಋṛ"ri" in rig
ಎe"e" in bed
ಏē"ay" in day
ಐai"i" in kite
ಒo"o" in cot
ಓō"o" in go
ಔau"ow" in cow
Velar
ಕಂಠ್ಯ — spoken from the throat 5 lettersಕka"k" in kite
ಖkhabreathy "k"
ಗga"g" in go
ಘghabreathy "g"
ಙṅa"ng" in sing
Palatal
ತಾಲವ್ಯ — tongue against the palate 5 lettersಚca"ch" in chalk
ಛchabreathy "ch"
ಜja"j" in jam
ಝjhabreathy "j"
ಞña"ny" in canyon
Retroflex
ಮೂರ್ಧನ್ಯ — tongue curled back 5 lettersಟṭahard, curled "t"
ಠṭhabreathy ṭ
ಡḍahard, curled "d"
ಢḍhabreathy ḍ
ಣṇacurled "n"
Dental
ದಂತ್ಯ — tongue against the teeth 5 lettersತtasoft "t"
ಥthabreathy "t"
ದdasoft "d"
ಧdhabreathy "d"
ನna"n" in net
Labial
ಓಷ್ಠ್ಯ — both lips 5 lettersಪpa"p" in pan
ಫphabreathy "p"
ಬba"b" in bat
ಭbhabreathy "b"
ಮma"m" in man
Semivowels & sibilants
ಅವರ್ಗೀಯ — outside the five groups 9 lettersಯya"y" in yes
ರratapped "r"
ಲla"l" in lot
ವvabetween "v" and "w"
ಶśa"sh" in shy
ಷṣacurled "sh"
ಸsa"s" in sun
ಹha"h" in hat
ಳḷacurled "l"
Historical letters
ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ — rarely used today 2 lettersಱṟaold trilled "r"
ೞḻaobsolete retroflex